911 DIS NEWS REGISTRATION

There is little evidence that these costs have been justified.Īt the same time, communities across the country have built incredible coalitions of resistance, challenging racist laws and excessive enforcement strategies at the local, state, and national level. Border patrol has been expanded and border technology and surveillance have grown dramatically. In addition, the USA PATRIOT Act of 2001 and the REAL ID Act of 2005 significantly expanded the grounds of inadmissibility based on “terrorist activity” and made it much more difficult for asylum seekers to succeed on their claims for protection. Before the program finally ended in 2016, estimates are that more than 14,000 individuals faced deportation.

911 DIS NEWS REGISTRATION

The executive branch also created the National Security Entry-Exit Registration System (NSEERS), a program specifically targeting Arab, Muslim, and South Asian communities for “special registration,” racial profiling, surveillance, detention, and deportation. In direct response to the events of September 11, immigration enforcement operations were dramatically reshuffled, placed under the auspices of the Department of Homeland Security-sending a clear signal that the “homeland” must be protected from foreigners who might do us harm. Significant changes in immigration law and policy quickly followed. After September 11, immigration and terrorism became nearly synonymous, such that any path toward citizenship was quickly off the table, exchanged for escalating immigration enforcement and racial profiling. Bush and Mexico President Vicente Fox were actively discussing a path toward citizenship for more than three million undocumented Mexican citizens then living in the United States. Just days before 9/11, then–US President George W. The horrific events of September 11, 2001, forever altered the framework of the United States immigration law and policy. The only honest thing to say about just how 9/11 changed the world is that it is still too early to say. In Afghanistan, the United States fought the longest war (19 years) of its history, but on the 20th anniversary of 9/11, all Afghanistan is back in the hands of the Taliban. But across the Middle East and parts of Asia and Africa, war, violence, and conflict fanned by 9/11 and its aftermath persist. The United States has been able to deter any other attacks of similar scope on the “homeland” (a word that derived new meaning from 9/11). A generation of terrorists was hunted down many were killed, many more rotted in prison. September 11 triggered a “War on Terror” that continues even as new generations of terror organizations proclaiming to speak for “real” Islam sprout with new names and across the globe. But not always in the ways they intended to or imagined. Nor could the leaders and policymakers who reacted to the events of that horrible day. Those who planned and implemented the horrendous attacks of 9/11 could not have imagined all the ways that their attempt to sow chaos would change the world. In observance of the anniversary, BU Today reached out to faculty across Boston University-experts in international relations, international security, immigration law, global health, terrorism, and ethics-and asked each to address this question: “How has the world changed as a result of 9/11?”

It reshaped US immigration policies and led to a surge in discrimination, racial profiling, and hate crimes.

The events of 9/11 not only reshaped the global response to terrorism, but raised new and troubling questions about security, privacy, and treatment of prisoners. Nearly 3,000 people were killed that day and the United States soon found itself mired in what would become the longest war in its history, a war that cost an estimated $8 trillion. In the space of less than 90 minutes on a late summer morning, the world changed. A third plane, American Airlines Flight 77, leaving from Dulles International Airport in Virginia, crashed into the Pentagon at 9:37 am, and the final plane, United Airlines Flight 93, departing from Newark, N.J., crashed in a field in Shanksville, Pa., at 10:03 am, after passengers stormed the cockpit and tried to subdue the hijackers. Two planes-American Airlines Flight 11 and United Airlines Flight 175-departed from Boston and Flight 11 struck New York City’s World Trade Center North Tower at 8:46 am and Flight 175 the South Tower at 9:03 am, resulting in the collapse of both towers. On that Tuesday morning, 19 al-Qaeda terrorists hijacked four American commercial flights destined for the West Coast and intentionally crashed them.

Saturday, September 11, 2021, marks the 20th anniversary of 9/11, the largest terrorist attack in history.

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